This document describes the tags used for specifying text and graphic objects that can occur inside a BODY tag. These include:
You create a list element by using (note: the following list is an example of UL):
Supported only for OL.
Supported only for OL.
Suggests that a compact rendering be used (short items/long list). Not yet implemented.
Within a list element, you can add a list heading (typically at beginning).
Within a list element, you add an individual list item using LI, which indents and formats in context of the current element. Newt's Cape should preserve indenting when it splits an item across book pages (and you can specify a different tag to use (default: P) via Split Appearance option.
Examples: see UL, OL, DIR, MENU
Attributes: VALUE (within OL).
Specifies an unordered (typically bulleted) list of items.
Attributes: TYPE -- not implemented (due to lack of Newton circle and square characters); COMPACT -- not implemented.
Example:
<UL> <LH>heading <LI>one <LI>two <UL> <LI>three (nested) </UL> <LI>four </UL>
Result:
Specifies an ordered (typically numbered) list of items.
Attributes: START (default: 1); TYPE (1,a,A,i,I) (default: 1); COMPACT -- not implemented
Example:
<OL> <LI>one <LI>two <OL TYPE="A" START=5> <LI>E? (nested) (with Uppercase alphabetic label) <OL TYPE="i"> <LI>i? (nested) (with lowercase Roman numerals) </OL> </OL> <LI VALUE="25">twenty five (skipping ahead) </OL>
Result:
DIR is similar to UL, and assumes that list items are short, typically less than 20 char each. Nested block elements are not allowed. Newt's Cape prefixes each item with ">".
Attributes: COMPACT -- not implemented
MENU is similar to UL. List items are typically a single line, and may be rendered more compactly than UL. Nested block elements are not allowed. Newt's Cape prefixes each item with "-".
Attributes: COMPACT -- not implemented
Specifies pairs of terms (DT), definitions (DD).
Indicates a Definition Term inside DL
Indicates a Definition Definition inside DL
Example:
<DL> <DT>Newt's Cape <DD>an environment for developing Newton books and form applications via HTML <DT>HTML <DD>HyperText Markup Language </DL>
Result:
Idiomatic markup is based on intent rather than on explicit appearance. Prior to version 1.4, it was not possible to nest phrase markup.
However, this now works in Newt's Cape.
indicates title of a book or citation (typically rendered in italics).
Example: <CITE>The Empire Strikes Back</CITE>
Result: The Empire Strikes Back
indicates a short example of code (typically rendered in a mono-spaced font). Use PRE for multiple-line listings.
Example: <CODE>if x < y then :show() else :hide()</CODE>
Result: if x < y then :show() else :hide()
indicates an emphasized phrase (typically rendered in italics).
Example: Are you <EM>always</EM> so sleepy?
Result: Are you always so sleepy?
indicates text typed by a user (typically rendered in a mono-spaced font).
Example: Type <KBD>rm</KBD> followed by the filename
Result: Type rm followed by the filename
indicates a sequence of literal characters (typically rendered in a mono-spaced font).
Example: The chars <SAMP>abc</SAMP> are valid in HTML
Result: The chars abc are valid in HTML.
indicates strong emphasis (typically rendered in bold).
Example: I said "<STRONG>STOP</STRONG>"
Result: I said "STOP"
indicates a placeholder variable (typically rendered as italic).
Example: VAR is a <VAR>tag</VAR>
Result: VAR is a tag
indicates a defined term (typically rendered as italic). [3.0]
Example: this is a <DFN>definition</DFN>
Result: this is a definition
Typographic markup relates to explicit format. Where possible, Idiomatic phrases should be used instead. Eventually Cascading Style Sheets will provide a more general mechanism for doing formatting.
indicates bold text (if possible).
Example: Some <B>bold</B> text
Result: Some bold text
indicates italic text (if possible).
Example: Some <I>italic</I> text
Result: Some italic text
indicates teletype (monospaced) text (if possible). (Note: this uses the same font family as PRE, e.g., Monaco)
Example: Some <TT>teletype</TT> text
Result: Some teletype text
indicates underlined text (if possible). Standard? Confusing to user if browser uses underline to represent A (anchors).
Example: Some <U>underlined</U> text
Result: Some underlined text
indicates over-strike text (if possible). HTML 3.0? STRIKE tag now standard? (since Newton does not support over-strike, it uses outline instead).
Example: Some <STRIKE>over-strike</STRIKE> text
Result: Some strike text
indicates superscript; also may use SMALL to reduce font size slightly. HTML 3.0?
Example: E=mc<SUP>2</SUP>
Result: E=mc2
indicates subscript; also may use SMALL to reduce font size slightly. HTML 3.0?
Example: H<SUB>2</SUB>O
Result: H2O
increases current font size by 1. Same as FONT SIZE=+1 except relative to current tag (H1-H6), otherwise BASEFONT. HTML 3.0?
Example: <BIG>bigger</BIG> text
Result: bigger text
decreases current font size by 1. Same as FONT SIZE=-1 except relative to current tag (H1-H6), otherwise BASEFONT. HTML 3.0?
Example: <SMALL>smaller</SMALL> text
Result: smaller text
change font appearance
Size in points, currently limited to 8-24.
#FFFFFF only, and applies to entire paragraph.
Example: <FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">inverted: white paragraph on dark background</FONT>
inverted: white paragraph on dark background
A size index (between 1-7) or a +/- index increment from the BASEFONT size. This index maps to i:Appearance:Size preference for H6(1), H5(2), H4(3), H3(4), H2(5), H1(6), or 24pt(7). For examples of many of these phrase tags, see Sean's test page.
Example: <FONT SIZE="+2">bigger</FONT> and <FONT SIZE="-2">smaller</FONT>
bigger and smaller
Note: If </FONT> is missing, sizes can accumulate: minimum 8, maximum 24.
This both an obsolete and an annoying tag, so Newt's Cape does not include it (though it would not be difficult since there is already a similar refresh mechanism for animated GIFs).
specifies an explicit line break. If you want to include many line breaks, also see PRE.
Example: line1<BR>line2
Result:
line1
line2
Attributes: CLEAR (left,all,right,none) -- not implemented
On 1.x Newtons (or in 1.x compatible books), you may notice problems with multi-styled text -- paragraphs that contain mixed fonts, faces, sizes may exhibit
SIZE attribute (default: 3) sets the base for FONT SIZE increments.
This creates a "temporary container", and all items within it should be centered. Alternatively, you can use ALIGN attribute for individual P, IMG, TD, TH.
Like CENTER, DIV creates a "temporary container", and all items within it use its ALIGN attribute.
This document (in all its formats) is © 1995-99. Steve Weyer, Greg Simon. All Rights Reserved Worldwide
Version 2.0. Last updated: Feb 1999